Shay Neufeld

Talking

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Careers Outside Academia

April 2020 | Inscopix hosted a webinar to discuss some different paths and opportunities available to scientists looking for careers outside of traditional academic research positions.

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To Explore or to Exploit? Investigating How the Brain Decides Whether to Try Something New, or Stick with What It Knows

May 2017 | Every year, eight PhD candidates are chosen as Harvard Horizons Scholars to present brief talks about their research during the Harvard Horizons Symposium held annually in the spring. Towards the end of my PhD, I was lucky to be selected and got to work alongside some fantastic communicators at the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning, which culminated in this short talk given on the beautiful Sanders Theatre stage.

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Addiction, OCD, and riding a bike: how opiates control your brain

April 2015 | Lecture given as part of Science in the News Boston's Public Seminar Series. Opiates, the class of molecules that includes morphine, heroin, and codeine, are arguably the most addicting drugs known to exist. This class of drugs has single-handedly started wars, forced international laws, and to this day is responsible for more drug-overdose deaths in the USA than every other drug of abuse combined. How do opiates do this? To exercise their profound influence on reward and behavior, these molecules hijack a natural system of reward in a collection of brain areas known as the basal ganglia. What functions do the basal ganglia normally carry out, and how does the presence of opiates in this brain region cause addiction? This talk will explore what roles the basal ganglia normally plays in governing behavior and why it makes sense that the presence of opiates act to powerfully inflict addiction. Along the way, I hope to provide some insight into how the root of addiction, the inflexibility of OCD, and the admirable ability of riding a bike are all deeply related in the brain.

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Inputs and Outputs: How the brain allows us to interact with the world

October 2014 | Lecture given as part of Science in the News Boston's Public Seminar Series together with Laura Driscoll. The simplest way to think about the brain is as a platform through which we can interact with the world. Highly specialized sensory structures in our peripheral nervous system detect information in our environment and send these sensory signals to the “information hub” of our bodies, the brain. Here, sensory information is processed to produce an internal precept of the external world. This internal representation is our brain’s best guess at what’s going on around us, but this picture is not a perfect one, and we’ll discuss the limits of our own perception. The brain uses its interpretation of what is going on around us to then instruct remarkably precise and context appropriate behavior. Using motor movement as the key example, we will describe how cortex is involved in producing the ‘ideas’ of movement. A completely different system of the brain – the basal ganglia – is critically important for taking these ‘ideas’ from the cortex and refining them into precise and smooth behaviors. We’ll show how abnormal activity in both cortex and basal ganglia result in aberrant behavior and disease. Ultimately, this lecture is about appreciating the most fundamental functions of the brain: accurately and appropriately interpreting the world and reacting to it, and what can happen when it fails.